Document Type : The scientific research paper
Authors
1
Professor, Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
2
PhD student in history. Faculty of Literature and Humanities. Imam Khomeini International University of Qazvin. Iran
10.22034/mte.2022.12370.1570
Abstract
In the history of the Islamic world, on the one hand, various factors caused the creation of friendly or hostile relations between Muslim political governments, and on the other hand, they were used as a tool in the hands of Muslim governments to protect multilateral interests. Although Hajj is one of the religious branches of Muslims, but due to its social manifestation, in the history of the Islamic world, it has played an important role in the relations between Muslim governments. In the meantime, with the formation of the Safavid government, which, unlike its neighbors, including the Uzbeks, had the mission of propagating Imamiyya Shiism, the issue of Hajj became a challenge in the interactions between the Safavids and the Uzbeks. The current research, which is organized in a descriptive-analytical method and based on library sources, seeks to answer this question, what is the position and role of Hajj in the Safavid-Uzbek relations? The result of the research indicates that, first of all, throughout the Safavid period, the position of Hajj in foreign policy has undergone changes with Uzbeks. In the first half of the Safavid government, the Hajj ceremony was used as a key to incite the hostile force (in military cases). In the second Safavid period, Hajj was mostly used for political purposes (not military) and friendly correspondence was exchanged. In the third period and after the Iran-Ottoman peace (Zahab peace), a relationship was formed on the basis of mutual respect and Hajj was no longer a controversial issue
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